ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis in Jiaxing City from 2010 to 2021, so as to provide insights into the development of the brucellosis control strategy.@*Methods@#The epidemiological and clinical data of brucellosis patients and epidemiological data of brucellosis outbreaks in Jiaxing City from 2010 to 2021 were collected from Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information System, and the epidemiological features and outbreaks of brucellosis were analyzed descriptively.@*Results@#Totally 160 brucellosis patients were reported in Jiaxing City from 2010 to 2021, and the incidence of brucellosis appeared a tendency towards a rise (χ2trend=28.564, P=0.002), with annual mean incidence of 0.29/105. No deaths due to brucellosis occurred in Jiaxing City from 2010 to 2021. Brucellosis cases were reported each month, which were concentrated in the first and second quarters, and the greatest number was seen in May (27 cases, 16.88%). The brucellosis cases were predominantly reported in Tongxiang City (114 cases, 71.25%), and 75.00% were male (120 cases) and 70.63% were occupational populations (113 cases). The patients had a median (interquartile range) age of 57 (12) years at onset, and the median duration (interquartile range) from onset to definitive diagnosis was 18 (28) days. The clinical manifestations mainly included fever and weakness, and a total of 18 Brucella melitensis isolates and one B. bovis isolate were cultured.@*Conclusions@#The incidence of brucellosis was rising in Jiaxing City from 2010 to 2021. The brucellosis patients were predominantly reported in Tongxiang City in the first and second quarters, and young, middle-aged men and occupational populations were at a high risk of brucellosis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of measles outbreak caused by genotype D8 virus in Pinghu city of Zhejiang province,and provide evidence for the control of the outbreak.Methods The measles outbreak data were collected through National Measles Surveillance System.The outpatient records and admission records were checked,field investigation and outbreak response were conducted.Blood samples in acute phase and swab specimens were collected from the patients for laboratory testing,including serology test,RNA extraction and amplification,measles virus isolation and genotype identification.Software SPSS 17.0 and Excel 2016 were used for data analysis.Results A total of 10 confirmed measles cases were reported in Pinghu city,and 8 cases were aged ＞40 years.Six blood samples were collected,in which 5 were measles D8 virus positive and 1 was negative in measles virus detection.There were epidemiological links among 10 cases which occurred in a factory,a hospital and a family at the same time.There was no statistical difference in symptoms among cases caused by D8 virus and H1a virus.After the emergent measles vaccination,the measles outbreak was effectively controlled.Conclusion Untimely response due to the uneasy detection of measles cases in the early stage,nosocomial infection and weak barrier of measles immunity in adults might be the main reasons for this outbreak.Measles vaccination is effective in the prevention of measles D8 virus infection.It is necessary to strengthen measles genotype monitoring for the tracing of infection source and control of outbreaks.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the safety of influenza vaccine and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) immunized alone or in combination in elderly people and to raise the awareness of vaccine safety among the elderly. Methods From October 2014 to September 2015,454 eld-erly people who were over 60 years old and immunized with influenza vaccine and PPV23 alone or in combi-nation were recruited in this study and divided into five groups. Local and systemic reactions occurred within one month after vaccination were recorded. Results (1) Incidences of adverse reactions among all subjects and people vaccinated with influenza vaccine alone,domestic PPV23 alone,imported PPV23 alone,domes-tic PPV23 combined with influenza vaccine and imported PPV23 combined with influenza vaccine were 10.13%,5.35%,11.63 %,9.52%,17.24% and 12.63%,respectively. Local reaction,injection site pain and mild reaction were the common reactions to vaccination. All reactions occurred within seven days and most of them occurred within 30 minutes to one day after vaccination(82.61%). All subjects recovered within seven days and most of them recovered within one day (84.78%). (2) Compared with the people immunized with domestic or imported PPV23 or influenza vaccine alone,those immunized in combination had higher incidences of reactions to vaccination. Among the three single vaccination groups, domestic PPV23 group had the highest incidence of reactions,followed by imported PPV23 and influenza vaccine groups,but no significant difference was found among them(P>0.05). The incidence of responses to influenza vaccine combined with domestic PPV23 was higher than that to influenza vaccine combined with imported PPV23, but no significant difference was found between them (P>0.05). (3) In each group,women,people aged≥70 years or with chronic diseases had a higher incidence of responses to vaccination than men,people aged 60 to 69 years or without chronic diseases,respectively (P>0.05). Conclusion Immunization with influ-enza vaccine and PPV23 alone or in combination is safe and tolerable in elderly people regardless of gender, age,or whether they are suffering from chronic diseases or not. Both domestic and imported PPV23 have the feature of good safety.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of measles outbreak caused by genotype D8 virus in Pinghu city of Zhejiang province,and provide evidence for the control of the outbreak.Methods The measles outbreak data were collected through National Measles Surveillance System.The outpatient records and admission records were checked,field investigation and outbreak response were conducted.Blood samples in acute phase and swab specimens were collected from the patients for laboratory testing,including serology test,RNA extraction and amplification,measles virus isolation and genotype identification.Software SPSS 17.0 and Excel 2016 were used for data analysis.Results A total of 10 confirmed measles cases were reported in Pinghu city,and 8 cases were aged ＞40 years.Six blood samples were collected,in which 5 were measles D8 virus positive and 1 was negative in measles virus detection.There were epidemiological links among 10 cases which occurred in a factory,a hospital and a family at the same time.There was no statistical difference in symptoms among cases caused by D8 virus and H1a virus.After the emergent measles vaccination,the measles outbreak was effectively controlled.Conclusion Untimely response due to the uneasy detection of measles cases in the early stage,nosocomial infection and weak barrier of measles immunity in adults might be the main reasons for this outbreak.Measles vaccination is effective in the prevention of measles D8 virus infection.It is necessary to strengthen measles genotype monitoring for the tracing of infection source and control of outbreaks.